Medicine and Phisiology Nobel prize winners in 2012

Today I'm going to speak about Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka. In 2012 Sir John B. Gurdon & Shinya Yamanaka winned the Nobel prize because of the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent. Bacause of this invention we are going to be able to create new animals.

Sir John B. Gurdon:

Sir John B. Gurdon is a British development biologist (Developmental biology studies the processes bywhich organisms grow and develop) .  He studied in Eton College  but his love to the natural science were not reflejated in his notes. After that studied humanityes in  Christ Church of Oxford, but he finished licenciating in zoology in the University of Oxford and in the University of Cambridge.

In 1958 he cloned a fly and he became a reference in development biology and in nuclear transferency. In 1962, he initiated cloning experiments using non-embryonic cells, specifically, cells from the intestinal lining of the tadpole. Gurdon thought the tadpoles were old enough that the extracted cells could be differentiated. Gurdon exposed a frog egg to ultraviolet light, which destroyed its nucleus. He then extracted the nucleus from a tadpole intestinal cell and implanted it into the enucleated egg. The egg developed and became a tadpole that was genetically identical to the DNA donor tadpole                                                                                                                                                                    
Shinya Yamanaka:

Shinya Yamanaka is a japanese medicine researcher, Yamanaka is currently a professor at the Institute for Frontier Medical Science and Director of the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), the Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) at Kyoto University. He was a visiting scientist at the Gladstone Institute at the University of California, San Francisco in 2007. He graduated from Kobe University in 1987 and completed his doctorate at Osaka City University Graduate School in 1993.
He received the Shaw Award in 2008 for his recent key innovations to reverse the process of cell differentiation in mammals, a phenomenon that advances our understanding of developmental biology and represents a great promise for the treatment of human diseases and improvements practices in agriculture. He has been awarded the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award 2010 in Biomedicine "for demonstrating that it is possible to reprogram cells already differentiated and to return them to a state of the pluripotent cells. Their work represents an important advance for regenerative medicine."